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Perbandingan Antara Harga dan Mutu Obat Generik


Perbandingan Antara Harga dan Mutu Obat Generik

Pertanyaan:
Pengasuh yang terhormat, Sekarang ini semua barang bertambah mahal, termasuk obat. Saya sudah lama menderita hipertensi dan diabetes, sudah sejak 15 tahun yang lalu, dan harus rutin minum obat setiap hari untuk menjaga agar penyakit saya tidak kambuh. Makin lama saya merasakan makin berat untuk membeli obat. Tapi, untuk tidak minum obat pun saya takut penyakit saya kambuh dan akibatnya bisa fatal. Seorang teman menganjurkan untuk beralih ke obat generik. Setelah saya cek di apotek memang ada obat hipertensi dan obat diabetes generik dan harganya sangat sangat jauh lebih murah, bisa sampai sepersepuluh dari harga obat yang biasa saya konsumsi. Tetapi, perbedaan harga ini justru membuat saya ragu-ragu. Saya khawatir mutunya kurang bagus. Terus terang saya heran mengapa perbedaan harga obat untuk penyakit yang sama bisa sedemikian besar. Mohon penjelasan dari Ibu mengenai obat generik ini, apakah mutunya juga terjamin dan siapa yang menjamin? Apakah khasiat atau kemanjuran obat generik sama atau berbeda dibandingkan dengan obat paten? Mohon maaf saya mempertanyakan hal ini sebab obat menyangkut kesehatan dan keselamatan jiwa seseorang. Kalau boleh juga mohon penjelasan, apa yang menyebabkan perbedaan harga obat generik dengan obat paten bisa sedemikian jauh? Apakah bahan-bahan yang dipakai untuk meramu obat generik ini memang mutunya kelas dua atau lebih rendah? Sekali lagi mohon maaf, jawaban Ibu sangat kami nantikan. Terima kasih. Waluyo, Jakarta Pusat

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Jawaban:
Pak Waluyo yang terhormat,
Saya mengucapkan terima kasih atas pertanyaan yang Bapak ajukan. Saya kira, apa yang Bapak tanyakan juga menjadi pertanyaan banyak orang saat ini. Memang saat ini kita merasakan harga obat semakin mahal. Namun demikian, sebenarnya tidak semua obat harganya mahal. Banyak obat yang cukup murah dan terjangkau harganya. Saya menduga Bapak mengonsumsi obat diabetes yang ribuan rupiah harga per butirnya, sehingga sangat berat membiayainya.

Memang ada obat yang mahal, bahkan sangat mahal harganya, tetapi banyak juga obat yang murah. Bapak sudah membuktikan sendiri bukan, berapa harga obat diabetes generik. Bapak katakan sepersepuluh dari harga obat diabetes bermerek yang biasa Bapak konsumsi. Sebenarnya bahkan ada obat generik yang harganya tidak sampai seperduapuluh dari harga obat bermereknya.

Sekedar ilustrasi, obat diabetes merek A (maaf saya tidak dapat menyebutkan namanya dalam rubrik ini) harganya sekitar Rp 3.700 (tiga ribu tujuh ratus rupiah) per butir. Bandingkan dengan glibenclamide generik (salah satu obat diabetes generik) yang harganya hanya Rp 150 (seratus lima puluh rupiah) per butir. Sangat jauh berbeda, lebih dari 20 kali lipat! Demikian pula obat hipertensi.

Obat hipertensi bermerek C harganya sekitar Rp 3.400 (tiga ribu empat ratus rupiah) per butir, sedangkan salah satu obat hipertensi generik, yaitu captopril harganya hanya Rp 250 (dua ratus lima puluh rupiah) per butir. Hampir 15 kali lipat! Berbagai jenis obat lainnya juga demikian, sangat berbeda harga obat generik dengan obat bermerek atau obat patennya.

Jadi jelas bahwa sebenarnya harga obat sangat besar variasinya. Bahkan obat yang mengandung zat aktif yang sama bisa berbeda harganya sampai 20 kali lipat. Itu sebabnya pemerintah dan lembaga-lembaga pemberdayaan konsumen lainnya sangat gencar menganjurkan kita untuk menggunakan obat generik sebagai pilihan pertama apabila kita membutuhkan obat.

Bagaimana dengan mutunya? Harga obat generik yang sangat jauh berbeda dengan obat paten atau obat bermerek dengan kandungan sejenis memang dapat menimbulkan keragu-raguan, apakah sama mutunya dengan obat bermerek? Untuk diketahui Pak, dua dari beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan mahalnya harga obat adalah promosi dan kemasan obat. Obat generik tidak dipromosikan, oleh sebab itu bebas biaya promosi. Demikian pula, obat generik tidak dikemas mewah, kemasannya hanya seperlunya yang hanya dimaksudkan untuk melindungi obat agar tidak turun mutunya selama penyimpanan dan pengangkutan.

Sebaliknya obat bermerek selalu dipromosikan, mungkin tidak dalam bentuk iklan di televisi dan surat kabar, tetapi dengan cara lain yang justru membutuhkan biaya lebih besar. Disamping itu hampir semua obat bermerek dikemas dengan kemasan yang cukup mewah. Ada satu faktor lagi yang menyebabkan obat paten mahal harganya, yaitu biaya paten yang harus dibayar oleh produsen. Ini semua pasti dibebankan kepada konsumen.

Untuk obat-obat yang banyak dibutuhkan masyarakat, yaitu obat untuk penyakit-penyakit yang umum, seperti antibiotika, obat demam, penghilang rasa sakit (analgesika), obat hipertensi, obat diabetes dan lain sebagainya, pemerintah kita sebagaimana juga pemerintah di negara-negara lain telah mengambil kebijakan untuk memproduksi obat generik.

Memang bukan pemerintah langsung yang memproduksinya, tetapi melalui perusahaan-perusahaan milik negara atau milik swasta yang bersedia memproduksinya. Biaya produksi ditekan seminimal mungkin, namun tetap harus memenuhi persyaratan CPOB (Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik). Disamping produsennya, pemerintah (dalam hal ini Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan atau BPOM) juga ikut bertanggung jawab menjamin mutu setiap obat generik yang beredar, agar selalu terjamin mutunya sesuai persyaratan yang berlaku sebagaimana yang juga diberlakukan bagi obat bermerek.

Kualitas dan kuantitas zat berkhasiat di dalam obat generik harus persis sama dengan obat patennya. Bahan bakunya pun harus memenuhi persyaratan yang ketat. Kalau tidak pemerintah tentu tidak akan mengizinkan obat generik tersebut beredar. Semua persyaratan yang menyangkut khasiat dan keamanan obat yang diberlakukan pada obat bermerek, juga diberlakukan bagi obat generik.

Obat generik harus identik atau bioekivalen dengan obat patennya dalam hal dosage form, khasiat dan keamanannya. Dengan demikian Bapak dan masyarakat lainnya tidak perlu meragukan kualitas atau mutu obat generik. Bahkan para ahli kesehatan mengatakan, obat bermerek dan obat generik sama sekali tidak berbeda, kecuali pada nama, kemasan, dan harganya!

Jadi pilihan bagi kita adalah, apakah mau obat generik yang relatif murah harganya, atau membuang-buang uang belanja kita untuk membiayai kemasan dan iklan/promosi obat? Di Indonesia pemakaian obat generik memang masih sangat rendah, yaitu sekitar 10 persen, sedangkan di negara maju seperti Amerika Serikat yang penduduknya relatif lebih maju dan berpendidikan serta mempunyai pendapatan yang lebih tinggi dari Indonesia, obat generik malah lebih populer. Anggapan obat generik sebagai "obat yang kurang berkualitas" justru tidak berlaku. Pemakaian obat generik di Amerika Serikat mencapai 40 persen dari total konsumsi obat mereka.

Jadi, jangan ragu untuk menggunakan obat generik sebagai pilihan pertama jika Anda memerlukan obat. Konsultasikan dan mintalah kepada dokter Anda untuk memilihkan obat generik yang sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan Anda.

Memang tidak semua jenis obat ada pilihan generiknya, namun sebagian besar, terutama untuk menanggulangi penyakit-penyakit yang umum di masyarakat ada pilihan obat generiknya. Obat generik sama bermutunya dengan obat bermerek. Harganya yang jauh lebih murah bukan karena mutunya yang rendah, atau dibuat dari bahan baku yang bermutu rendah, tetapi karena banyak faktor-faktor biaya yang dapat dipangkas dalam produksi dan pemasarannya. Demikian yang dapat kami sampaikan, semoga bermanfaat. Salam. ***

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source: artikel Republika
Dr Ernawati Sinaga MS Apt


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Businesses Watch For Network Marketing Opportunities

Just as businesses used to be on the look for creating a network among local businesses to improve relationships, the global market has changed the landscape, requiring businesses to look around the world for network marketing opportunities. While marketing to a global audience may not be in the best industries of every business, those that sell products online have found it vastly increases their customer base. They have also found it can help them achieve their sales goals and by creating an online network, it can also improve their opportunities.

Even the professional marketing companies of 10 or 15 years ago have had to learn a new aspect of internet marketing. It used to be fairly easy to design a marketing product representative of a business's expertise and send it out to companies that may have a use for their services or products. If the marketing piece was interesting enough, even if it did not spark immediate sales, it stayed in the minds of the recipients and when they needed the service, the company would get the call.

Back in the mid-20th century one of the most often used marketing techniques were small, desk top calendars with a company's name and logo. They were used by insurance companies, pharmacies and many other industries as a means of giving the public something they could use all year while keeping their name visible. One of the challenges companies face with internet marketing is the opportunity to provide something potential customers can use for an extended period and keep their name in the spotlight.

This is where web logs, electronic magazines and electronic newsletters began to make their appearance as well as free web content for new businesses. While sending marketing pieces to companies remains a popular option, reaching more customers is the goal. Offering timely, usable information to industry-specific companies can be one method of getting the company's name in the light on a regular basis. While monthly newsletters are common, weekly newsletters that contain less information are becoming more popular with the recipients.

Web logs, better known as blogs have begun to take on a marketing life of their own with companies paying people to visit certain blogs and write information beneficial to the company. There have also been individuals that began a blog about a specific subject and generate a large following with visits registering several thousands every day. When companies see this, if their product is related to the blog they may be induced to advertise on the site to let interested persons know about their services.

For example, a person who writes about sports in general or about a specific team and generates a lot of interest, companies selling sports equipment may benefit by advertising on the individual blog as its readers are obviously interested in sports. By focusing their marketing efforts to a target audience, they can realize a better return on their investment in their internet marketing budget. Some companies have even started their own blogs to offer information about their products to an interested internet public. ***

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by Todd Ash
I am the owner of AdvertisingLtd.com and I write about many different Online Business Opportunities.To Start Your own Home Based Business please Visit http://www.AdvertisingLtd.co
m

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Great Tips on Discount Home Lighting

If the lighting fixtures in your home are outdated, or you are remodeling, or building then now is the time to take a good look at what is available on the market in discount lighing for your home or project. If you don't already know then you will find out soon enough that it is often dificult to use discount products or materials on your jobsite or remodeling project without the end results lookig cheap or being of inferior quality.

Lighting is one place in your home that you can save money, because there are so many great choices in lighting fixtures that carry low price tags and still look fantastic. It is important to remember that lighting fixtures have no moving parts unless they are fan fixtures and they are also up on the ceiling of a room, so they don't get the close scrutiny that other fixtures do in your home.

with these facts in mind you can then shop around for discount lighting and know that what you choose will look great and last the entire life of your home. When you are shopping for discount lighting you will most likely be faced with a wide variety of choices to select from, so it can be a bit confusing. One trick to use in home decorating is to narrow your selection down to four or five choices and then take pictures of them to look at for a few days and show to friends and loved ones.

Making a quck and spontanious selection usualy leads to regrets, so never just pull a choice out of your hat at the first viewing. Another thing to remember when you are selecting your discount lighting is that if it has colors in it that will effect the color of the lighting that it puts out then you will want to coordinate this with the other colors that you are going to use on your walls and floors. ***

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by Judith Wesson
Written by Judith Wesson. Find the latest information on
{a href=”http://www.judge-ceilings.co.uk/lighting.asp”}
Trade Lighting as well as {a href=”http://www.judge-ceilings.co.uk/lighting.asp”}Discount Home Lighting.


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Great Tips for Office Furniture

If you are setting out to furnish and decorate an office then there are a few things that you might like to bear in mind. A lot of research has gone into office and workplace dynamics, so there is a wealth of knowledge that you can tap into for inspiration when furnishing and decorating your office. One thing that has been learned is that happy contented workers are more productive and are less inclined to be absent.

Do a few things to your office space to make it a more relaxing place to spend time in and where intelligent, creative people can function optimally. If there is a shortage of windows then consider hanging a big pre-framed print on the wall that features a big beautiful outdoor scene. Don't spend a lot of money and buy it “preframed”, because having a print custom framed can be a bit expensive.

It always helps to have good quality rollers on the chairs in your office, so you or your employees can scoot around while they are multi-tasking. Another thing to bear in mind with regards to the chairs, is to make sure that they are good quality chairs that are ergonomic, so people will be comfortable while spending long hours in them and won't develop aching backs.

A flat screen for your computer will be a bit more expensive but will save on space, so this is another decision that you are going to have to make. If you have plenty of room and are on a tight budget then go with a standard computer monitor but if your space is tight then you may want to go with a flat screen, so you can compact your computer station. If clients are going to be visiting your office than try to make it a nice place for them to visit and relax in while they wait. ***

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by Judith Wesson
Written by Judith Wesson. Find the latest information on
{a href=”http://www.imperial-furniture.co.uk/”}
Office Furniture as well as {a href=”http://www.imperial-furniture.co.uk/”}Office Furniture UK.

Read More...... [+/-]

Kenaikan Harga Elpiji, Bukti Perlakuan Sepihak Pelaku Usaha


Kenaikan Harga Elpiji, Bukti Perlakuan Sepihak Pelaku Usaha

Konsultasi Hukum Perlindunga Konsumen
Tanya:
Pengasuh, Zaim Saidi Yth Redaksi, Beberapa edisi lalu pengasuh rubrik konsultasi hukum perlindungan konsumen ini membahas masalah harga/tarif. Kesan yang saya tangkap, Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK) sama sekali tak melindungi konsumen dari penetapan ''penyesuaian'' harga/tarif -- untuk memperhalus kata ''kenaikan'' -- yang dilakukan sepihak oleh pelaku usaha terhadap para konsumennya. Belum tuntas rasa penasaran saya, Pertamina baru-baru ini menaikkan harga/tarif elpiji. Saya sempat mengikuti penjelasan seorang ahli yang menegaskan bahwa kenaikan tersebut pada hakekatnya merupakan salah satu konsekuensi logis yang harus dipikul masyarakat dengan berlakunya Undang-undang No 22 tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas (disingkat UU Migas). Dalam ulasan kenaikan harga/tarif elpiji terdahulu di televisi, saya juga sempat mengikuti komentar seorang pemirsa lewat telepon yang mengatakan bahwa kenaikan harga/tarif itu tak jadi masalah baginya, karena sebenarnya yang meramaikan soal kenaikan harga/tarif itu cuma LSM. Lalu dimana letak perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen? Saya juga tak mengerti logika konsumen tersebut. Hingga kini saya belum melihat UUPK dihormati pelaku usaha secara tulus. Mohon penjelasan. Terima kasih. Wafi Hatchi - Jakarta Timur

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Jawab:
Saudara Wafi yang baik,
Ada dua hal yang akan saya sampaikan. Pertama, saya melihat dalam penetapan harga/tarif secara sepihak, pelaku usaha belum menghormati hak konsumen atas informasi yang benar, jelas, dan jujur (Lihat pasal 4 butir c Undang-Undang No 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen; selanjutnya disingkat UUPK).

UUPK sendiri memang tak memuat perumusan norma tentang harga/tarif barang atau jasa, baik yang bersifat publik (public utilitiesi), seperti angkutan umum, listrik, air minum, gas/elpiji (liquified petrolium gas), bahan bakar minyak (BBM), dll, maupun yang bersifat nonpublic (private utilities), seperti barang elektronik, kendaraan pribadi, jasa perjalanan wisata, dll. Keterbatasan UU bukannya tak dapat diatasi.

Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan UUPK, melalui kasus-kasus yang diadili, pengadilan/hakim mempunyai tugas untuk melakukan ''penemuan hukum.'' Dalam kasus gugatan class action (pasal 46 ayat (1) butir b UUPK: gugatan sekelompok konsumen yang mempunyai kepentingan yang sama) antara sembilan penggugat yang bertindak sebagai class representatives melawan Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi (Pertamina) dan Dewan Komisaris Pemerintah untuk Pertamina, Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat melalui putusannya tanggal 9 Oktober 2001 Nomor: 550/Pdt.G/2000/PN.Jkt.Pst, menyatakan bahwa kenaikan harga elpiji sebesar 40 persen, yaitu dari semula Rp 1.500/kg menjadi Rp 2.100/kg berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Dirut Pertamina No. Kpts-097/C0000/2000-S3 tanggal 2 Nopember 2000 dengan persetujuan Dewan Komisaris Pemerintah untuk Pertamina merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum, karena tak disosialisasikan terlebih dahulu kepada masyarakat konsumen atau tanpa mendengar terlebih dahulu wakil-wakil rakyat di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR)i.

Apalagi berdasarkan konsideran huruf b), pasal 3 dan Penjelasan Umum angka 3 Undang-undang No.44 Prp.(Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-undang (Perpu)) tahun 1960 tentang Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi, gas elpiji sebagai salah satu produk minyak dan gas bumi merupakan galian strategis yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak (Putusan, hal.42-44).

Saya sendiri hingga kini belum membaca dasar-dasar pertimbangan (konsiderans) kenaikan harga elpiji yang mulai diberlakukan Pertamina pada 6 Juli 2002. Sepengetahuan saya pasal 46 ayat (3) UU Migas 2001 menentukan salah satu tugas Badan Pengaturan, yakni melaksanakan pengaturan dan penetapan harga gas bumi untuk rumah tangga (setiap konsumen yang memanfaatkan gas bumi untuk keperluan rumah tangga; Penjelasan pasal 46 ayat (3) UU Migas 2001)) dan pelanggan kecil.

Kedua, bila benar terjadi yang Anda sebutkan tentang sikap konsumen itu, saya prihatin betapa rendahnya kesadaran sebagian konsumen di Indonesia, meskipun tak semuanya begitu. Itulah sebabnya, menurut konsiderans butir c UUPK, untuk meningkatkan harkat dan martabat konsumen, perlu peningkatan kesadaran, pengetahuan, kepedulian, kemampuan, dan kemandirian konsumen untuk melindungi dirinya.

Sikap konsumen itu menunjukkan inkonsistensi. Ia sendiri akan senang dengan harga diskon barang dan/atau jasa. Ironisnya, ia sendiri tak peduli dengan kenaikan elpiji. Ini menjadi tugas kita bersama. Jadi, perlindungan konsumen memerlukan pembinaan sikap. ***

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source: artikel Republika
Yusuf Shofie, SH.MH, dosen, praktisi hukum, dan pemerhati hukum perlindungan konsumen


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Check out the numerous jobs from home and start earning today

S
tay in the comfort of your very own home and still earn loads of money. It's now possible with the loads of jobs from home to choose from! Decide your own work timings and make your options more flexible.

If you are a stay at home mom or a person wanting to start a home based business, then there are plenty of jobs from home you can choose from. What's more, you can spend the same amount of quality time with family and have the riches flowing in!

Writing If you have always dreamt of being a novelist or a writer, then this can become one of the best jobs from home you can find. All you need is a couple of freelance writing sites where you can obtain many projects from clients all over the world. Simply bid on the projects and start writing! The reason why this is one of the best jobs from home is simply because of the flexibility it offers. You can be sitting in the comfort of your own home and decide on your own work timings. Besides you can also choose on the pace of your work as well as the amount of work you wish to take on.

Franchising Many people have woken up to the tremendous benefits of franchising. Franchising represents an innovative way to make money from the comfort of home. In fact it is one of the best jobs from home for new mothers. If you have to stay at home because of certain limitations but don't want to give up on the prospect of a career then franchising can be one of the best jobs from home. The way it works is that a company (franchisor) will pay you to promote their products and services. They will also provide you with all tools and promotional materials as well as training. Thus you have access to all the infrastructure and support needed. This way it's a great method to start your own business - without the anxiety and hassle of publicity and advertising issues.

Craft based businesses If you have had a secret hobby and always wanted to turn it into a full-fledged business, then you can do so now. By setting up your online store and selling the products you make, you can start on one of the best jobs from home. You could upload pictures of the products, along with brief descriptions of each.

EBay like stores If you don't have existing products to sell - don't worry. You can host a website which contains other seller's products. It's almost like an eBay site. In this way, you are tapping into a relatively new segment as far as jobs from home are concerned. You are making money off other people's sales - which can mean exponential money growth for you! You not only charge all sellers a fixed monthly fee, but also get a commission off every sale. This is one of the most lucrative jobs from home around today! ***

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by Alan Lim
Learn about the many opportunities available for you to start earning from home. Click here at Jobs from Home to know the inside scoop.


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Turn your online business into a cash machine!

You can start your own online business in very simple ways. With the rise in the Internet there are plenty of opportunities for you to transform your online business into a revenue earning asset. If you already have an existing website then this is for you. Your online business may be doing fairly well but if you want to give it an extra edge and jumpstart its money making potential, then you need to follow certain precautions.

Search engine optimization Search engine optimization or SEO represents one of the best ways to divert traffic to your site. The way it works is that you utilize specific keywords on your web content as well as promotional sales copy - to attract more visitors into your site. By using strategic keywords you can turn your online business into a traffic attracting magnet! What's more, if your website has more exact matches (keywords which exactly match user searches), your site stands much better chances at being listed among the top ten search engine results! Through this your online business can achieve much better page rankings and traffic volumes.

The importance of links It has been proven that search engines will typically index those sites which have the most number of one-way links. Thus, the more the link density on your website, the more chances of your online business being listed on search engines. In fact, more preference is given to one-way links as opposed to reciprocal or two-way links. You can greatly improve the presence of your online business by requesting for links from associated or relevant sites. By doing so, you can attract more targeted traffic that is already interested in your products. This enables you to convert traffic into sales more easily as now you don't have to try too hard to convince customers.

Establishing your authority If you want your online business to be known as an authority on the subject matter, you need to publish more articles about the domain. By repeatedly posting articles on blogging platforms and online forums, you greatly improve your credibility and reputation online. What's more, people will start perceiving your online business as a one stop solution for all topics related to the domain.

Turning the visitor into a customer Once you have established traffic attracting methods for your online business you need to convert these into sales. At the end of the day the success of your business depends purely on sales volumes. There are some tried and tested ways to improve sales conversion ratios. You need to have specific calls to action on your website. Things like 'add to shopping cart' or 'buy' can coax your visitor to purchase something on the site. This will also lead to improved sales conversions for your online business. What's more, by using persuasive tactics and other sales gimmicks you can dramatically improve sales figures. ***

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by Alan Lim
If you have always wanted to know the secrets to earning more online, here is your one stop solution. Click here at Online Business to know more details.

Read More...... [+/-]

Pengaruh Harga Pada Pengelolaan Perdagangan Buah


Pengaruh Harga Pada Pengelolaan Perdagangan Buah

Pengasuh kolom yth, Saya sedang mengembangkan usaha perdagangan buah kira-kira apa yang perlu saya siapkan agar usaha ini dapat eksis dan menguntungkan. Apalagi buah adalah bahan yang cepat busuk. Perlu diketahui, saya belum punya jaringan. Saya berharap usaha ini akan berkembang menjadi distributor buah. Saya sendiri masih buta dalam usaha ini. Bagaimana manajemennya ? Terimakasih sebelumnya. Heru Akhmadi Jl Depatin Barin No 71 Pangkal Pinang

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Jawab:
Pak Akhmadi yth,
Bisnis perdagangan buah merupakan salah satu mata rantai dari apa yang kita sebut sebagai agroindustri. Memang bisnis ini juga penuh dengan risiko, misalnya buah yang Anda jual memiliki kemungkinan cepat busuk. Tetapi, apa sih bisnis yang tidak berisiko? Semuanya mengandung risiko. Hanya saja, kesuksesan bisnis juga dipengaruhi oleh kepandaian kita mengelola risiko tersebut.

Anda sendiri sebetulnya sudah tahu risiko yang akan dihadapi terhadap bisnis yang akan Anda terjuni. Anda juga tahu salah satu kunci keberhasilan menjalankan bisnis ini adalah memiliki jaringan. Jaringan apa? Tentu saja jaringan ke belakang, kepada para pemasok buah yang Anda jual dan jaringan ke depan, yaitu kepada para pembeli Anda. Ada kendala waktu yang harus Anda kelola, terutama pada kecepatan pembusukan buah. Sebetulnya ini juga tergantung dari jenis buah yang akan Anda jual. Di sini juga letak kuncinya. Buah yang cepat membusuk dapat kita kategorikan sebagai fast moving, artinya Anda harus mampu menjual secepatnya.

Memang kadang-kadang Anda pun mempunyai risiko merugi karena harga jualnya bisa lebih rendah dibanding harga belinya. Daripada Anda merugi lebih banyak lagi karena tidak terjual dan membusuk, ya, kan? Anda bisa mengambil keuntungan dari buah yang lebih lama membusuk. Beli dengan harga yang murah karena kondisinya belum matang, dan Anda jual dengan harga lebih tinggi karena sudah matang setelah diperam.

Anda harus menjaga hubungan dengan pemasok buah. Kelancaran mengirim buah harus Anda perhatikan. Bukan tidak mungkin pemasok buah berasal dari luar kota kan? Pertimbangkan juga faktor kerusakan akibat pengangkutan sehingga Anda mendapatkan harga beli yang tepat.

Hal yang tak kalah penting adalah pembeli Anda. Karena cita-cita Anda lewat bisnis ini menjadikan Anda seorang distributor, maka mulai sekarang carilah siapa yang akan menjadi pembeli Anda, dari pembeli biasa (eceran), pembeli dalam jumlah besar (sesama distributor), hingga pembeli pabrikan (pabrik pengolah buah). Sebagai distributor tentu Anda juga harus membuka kesempatan pada perdagangan antardaerah atau antarpulau.

Yang perlu menjadi catatan, umumnya transaksi komoditas buah ini (terutama pada pemasok) selalu dalam kondisi cash basis, artinya Anda juga dituntut untuk memiliki modal kas yang cukup kuat. Sedangkan para pembeli pabrikan atau sesama distributor bisa membayar belakangan. Terbayang kan bagaimana perputaran uang (cash flow) yang akan Anda hadapi?

Kemampuan Anda mengelola cash flow ini juga menentukan masa depan bisnis buah Anda. Bila sudah berjalan, sebagai masukan buat Anda, coba pertimbangkan untuk tidak hanya menjadi seorang distributor buah. Bisakah Anda memanfaatkan buah-buah tersebut menjadi industri olahan? Memang tergantung buah yang bisa diolah. Misalnya, membuat keripik nangka, atau manisan mangga, atau lainnya. Mengapa?

Buah yang telah diolah akan memberikan nilai tambah bagi produk yang Anda jual. Nilai tambah terhadap produk juga berarti nilai tambah bagi harga dan keuntungan Anda. Selain Anda memiliki jalan ke luar untuk menghindari kebusukan buah-buah yang Anda jual, Anda pun memperoleh keuntungan yang tidak sedikit dari hasil mengolah buah ini. Pak Akhmadi, semoga jawaban ini memberikan jawaban terhadap pertanyaan Anda. Kunjungi website www.titianbisnis.com untuk mendapatkan informasi lain mengenai kewirausahaan. Kepada para pembaca yang surat atau e-mail-nya belum terjawab, saya mohon untuk bersabar karena banyaknya surat dan e-mail yang masuk. ***

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source: artikel Republika
* Setiap pertanyaan atau surat harus disertai dengan alamat (e-mail) lengkap. Terima kasih. (Redaksi).
Diasuh oleh Ir Sri Bramantoro Abdinagoro, MM
Konsultan dan penulis buku Road to be Own Boss dan 25 Langkah Menjalankan Bisnis
e-mail: wirausaha@republika.co.id
faksimile: 021-7983623
alamat surat:Ayo Berwirausaha, Suplemen Probis, HU Republika, Jl Warung Buncit Raya No 37, Jakarta 12510


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First Step To Start An Internet Business

Everyday many people are joining the Internet, some with the hope to make some extra money, while others with the hope to make a living online. Most of them are facing a common problem which is that they don't know how to get started. They don't have any idea about the first step they have to take.

The first step is changing your Mindset. Many people underestimate this factor and for this simple reason they are having a hard time. It is crucial to start your business with the right mindset. You have to know that it is a business and you have to treat it as such. In order to build and develop a successful business you have to work hard and dedicate time and effort... All the things you need offline you have to incorporate online.

It is important that you understand and believe two well-settled and fundamental laws.
1. All human achievement comes about through bodily activity.
2. All bodily activity is caused, controlled and directed by the mind.

Like all human affairs, success is partly a matter of predestination and partly of free will. You cannot make the genius, but you can improve or destroy it, and most people possess the assets which can be turned into success.

You have to develop the power to assimilate knowledge and to use it.

There are no magic formulas, there are lots of get rich programs out there and maybe you have joined some of them, have you achieved good results? I am sure the answer is NO. Don't think that it is about having a webpage, posting a few ads and writing some articles. If you think you can make money online - money, not $3, in this way you are completely wrong. You have to improve your business everyday looking for new strategies, applying small changes and constantly testing. It means you have to work.

Money Without Work, Forget It!

Of course, there are shortcuts, if you can afford a mentor, you accelerate the process because he/she will help you to avoid a lot of mistakes, but keep in mind that your mentor is not going to do the work for you. Another important thing is that you don't have to figure out everything yourself, you have to ask help when you need it to solve the problem quicker and better.

Please, don't think that others can't do it better than you. You are not a One Man Band, there are things that you are not good at, therefore it will take you time and effort to learn to do these things. It is better if you think about how you can get those things done and not how you can do all those things...You can delegate some work.

You can delegate everything, but NEVER, I say NEVER delegate your marketing.

In the beginning you have to work hard. Working daily, everything will begin to flow easier and it will help you to automate your business and work less. Understand that you'll have to spend some money - registering a domain name, having a webhosting account, having an autoresponder account, etc. Don't think about using free services for these things, because you have to look professional, if you look like an amateur nobody will pay attention to you.

Before you even think about making money, think about how you can help people. Help everybody you can asking nothing in return. Don't be afraid to give away your most valuable strategies and techniques. Give away everything you can with the objective of helping others, it will build your reputation and credibility. Your value will be acknowledged and your market will realize that "You Are The Man." If you are not making any money it is because you are not helping enough people. People buy from those that they trust and believe in.

First, you have to give and then you reap the rewards. There is no doubt.

Never under value your self-worth. We are born "free and equal", yet we are not all born equally rich. But you can be rich by the use of your faculties; by the union of thought with nature. If you really want to be successful, you have to set your mind upon it, and adopt the proper means.

Your success depends on a plus condition of mind and body, on power of work and on courage.

Repeat: I Can I Will, I Can I Will, I Can I Will.

If you come online with the wrong perspective and attitude, you'll have a very hard time. You need the right approach to really make money online. You are not going to make 1 million dollars when you first get started - nobody has made it, it is a progressive process... Go ahead with baby steps with the goal to make that million in the near future.

Your success is a direct result of what you do. It's not about luck, if you are not getting results, don't think that luck has been against you. It is natural when you are getting started to hope, but if hope turns to a belief in luck, it becomes a poison to the mind.

You can create your own destiny if you want. You need passion, education, knowledge, patience and persistence. Act as if you cannot fail. Belief is crucial! I mean, if you believe you can succeed. Your Mindset is the mechanism that allows you to take full control of your life and business. ***

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by PV Reymond
PV Reymond is a skilled Internet Marketing author and publisher. He has gone deep into the Internet Marketing Business and now is helping people to build and develop online businesses. His Internet Marketing Education is a good place for people who want to start an online business. He is giving tips and advice...To know how to start your online business visit: http://www.pvreymond.com


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Internet Marketing Can Provide An Easy Work From Home Business Opportunity

Since use of the Internet exploded in the 1990s, Internet marketing has expanded to include all types of businesses as well as locations. It enables a local company to market their products and services to a national and international customer base at an exceptionally low cost. Replacing a sales force to contact customers, Internet marketing is used by virtually every company that conducts business online and can offer an easy work from home business opportunity.

There are different aspects of Internet marketing that a company can explore to find the right avenue for their product or service. In order to be successful working in internet marketing, a person has to understand each of these aspects and determine which one can be done successfully at home. To begin with, an Internet sales business has to have a website that is easy for their customers to use while remembering that not everyone they are trying to reach has a broadband connection.

Internet marketing begins with the customer being able to access the website and having an elaborate design that takes several minutes to load into a user's computer through dial-up service may not hold their interest long enough to get the message. Similar to offline marketing, keeping it simple is the key to reach a wider audience.

Once the website has been properly developed, Internet marketing as a home based business can provide the business owner as well as the website owner some unique challenges. For many it is a decision of whether to market to search engines or to the potential customers. Marketing to search engines may help users find the website if they search for specific terms and marketing to the users will narrow down the number of people searching for a specific product or service.

Some believe a smaller, more focused audience is better for business than a casting a wide net and hoping the customers are snagged. Another of the key aspects of Internet marketing often overlooked by website owners is market research. Determining which search terms are used most often as they relate to the products or services being marketed can help them achieve better results regardless of the type of marketing being conducted. Building a home-based business conducting research for companies can be a lucrative, niche market in the Internet marketing business. And can be a great online business ideal.

Online companies are also looking for ways to increase their name awareness and pay people who can track down web log sites and offer information about their business. While many of these blog's have certain restrictions about what can be posted on their sites, wanting information more than unpaid advertising, a person who can respond to information on the blog in an intelligent manner and only use the website address in their signature, can pay huge dividends for internet marketing professionals.

Looking for companies in need of internet marketing can prove a daunting task but trolling through blog's and article directories can often turn up the names of companies that are in constant need of these services and willing to pay for them. ***

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by Earl Williams
Earl Williams is a real entrepreneur who makes it easy for you to build your home-based business and earn a substantial income from home, learn how by Visiting: http://www.NetMarketer.org

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Persaingan Harga Yang Sehat di Bisnis Salon


Persaingan Harga Yang Sehat di Bisnis Salon


Tanya:
Bapak Pengasuh Yth, Saya memiliki salon yang sudah berjalan selama lima tahun. Menurut saya, perkembangan salon ini lumayan baik, karena salon saya terletak di tepi jalan raya antarkota tetapi di sebuah kecamatan kecil. Kini di jalan yang sama, kurang lebih 200 meter dari lokasi salon saya, dibuka juga salon yang serupa sejak dua bulan lalu. Mereka memasang harga lebih rendah dari harga saya dan memasang harga secara besar-besaran di depan salonnya. Padahal saya baru saja menaikkan harga salon saya tiga bulan lalu. Saya cukup khawatir dengan pembukaan salon tersebut, karena harus bersaing dengan harga. Pertanyaan saya, bagaimana saya harus bersaing dengan salon baru tersebut? Saya tahu salah satu konsekuensi berbisnis adalah adanya persaingan. Bagaimana caranya saya tetap bersaing secara sehat? Terima kasih Yana Nganjuk, Jawa Timur

-----------------------------------------
Jawab:
Mbak Yana Yth,

Yang pertama saya ucapkan adalah selamat! Karena perjalanan bisnis salon Anda sudah mencapai lima tahun. Bukan perkara mudah memang untuk bertahan selama itu tanpa konsistensi dan semangat yang tinggi dalam menjalankannya.

Baik, saya akan menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai bersaing yang sehat. Mari kita lihat sifat dari bisnis Anda. Bisnis salon dapat dikelompokkan pada jenis usaha jasa (service business). Apa artinya? Jadi, memang produk yang dihasilkan bersifat tidak kelihatan. Hasil potongan rambut yang Anda kerjakan memang kelihatan, tetapi sebagian besar yang pelanggan rasakan adalah menyangkut rasa puas atau nyaman atau lebih percaya diri dengan potongan yang Anda hasilkan. Untuk itu kunci utama dari bisnis ini adalah membuat pelanggan merasa puas dan cocok dengan Anda.

Nah, di samping menggunakan harga sebagai alatnya, maka Anda juga dapat bersaing secara sehat dengan menggunakan cara yang lain. Cara lain ini lebih bersifat bagaimana melayani pelanggan lebih baik lagi. Anggaplah ini sebagai selisih lebih dari biaya yang Anda patok dengan pesaing Anda. Apa yang dapat Anda lakukan? Ada beberapa cara, diantaranya

1. Buatlah pelanggan Anda senyaman mungkin di salon Anda.
Itu bisa dilakukan secara fisik, misalnya dengan mengatur tata letak salon Anda, sehingga tampak bersih dan luas, memberi pendingin ruangan, jika belum dapat menggunakan AC, kipas angin juga boleh.

2. Jangan lupa, memotong rambut memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama.
Akibatnya, boleh jadi ada pelanggan Anda yang harus menunggu giliran dipotong rambutnya. Untuk menghindari kebosanan dalam menunggu siapkan beberapa majalah atau suratkabar untuk dibaca pelanggan Anda. Anda juga dapat memberikan pelanggan Anda secangkir teh hangat.

3. Sesekali ajak pelanggan Anda ngobrol.
Intinya adalah Anda membangun rasa kekeluargaan dan kedekatan dengan pelanggan (customer intimacy). Mengapa penting? Ya, umumnya pelanggan salon memiliki sifat fanatik terhadap salon atau penata rambut tertentu. Bila sudah cocok, mereka sulit berpindah ke tempat yang lain. Nah, inilah yang harus terus dijaga.

Mengenai daftar harga yang tercantum besar-besar di kaca depan salon, itu juga sebetulnya bagian dari promosi. Orang juga butuh informasi mengenai harga yang Anda patok. Dengan pencantuman harga, pelanggan baru akan datang dengan informasi yang cukup sehingga siap dengan berapa besar uang yang harus dikeluarkan untuk satu kali potong. Anda juga boleh mengikutinya.

Agar dapat bersaing, sesekali program diskon bisa Anda tawarkan ke pelanggan-pelanggan Anda. Untuk lebih menarik, program diskon Anda dapat menggunakan tema-tema tertentu, misalnya 'Potongan 20% dalam rangka Hari Sumpah Pemuda' khusus untuk pelanggan remaja. Anda juga bisa gunakan tema-tema yang lain.

Jadi, pada intinya Anda tidak perlu khawatir. Bersaing tidak hanya mengandalkan harga saja. Untuk bersaing yang sehat, Anda dapat menggunakan layanan kepada pelanggan dengan lebih bervariasi. Yang utama adalah menjaga hubungan yang baik dengan pelanggan-pelanggan Anda.

Selamat berbisnis dan bersaing. Semoga masukan ini dapat membantu salon Anda berkembang lebih baik lagi. ***

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source: artikel Republika
Diasuh oleh: Ir Bramantoro Abdinagoro, MM TITIAN consulting + learning
e-mail: probis2002@republika.co.id, faksimile: 021-7983623



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Augmentation of water utility in Urban Areas

Water is a scarce resource and due to its limited supply, the population of urban areas remains always in the grip of water shortage. At present, the quality of water used for watering the garden, washing the clothes and flushing the toilets is the same quality as the water we take for drinking purpose. At least, we can flush toilets by recycling the waste water in a house. With the application of new technology i.e. recycling of waste water, about 33% of urban water can be saved / reutilized. The Government can solve this problem to great extent by making the recycling of waste water as compulsory by way of amending the Building Bye laws enforceable by Town and Country Planning Department, Civic Bodies and Urban Development Authorities.

Types of Waste Water Produced in the Houses
Every house in urban areas produces two types of waste water i.e.

• Grey Water
• Black Water

The waste water which is produced from baths, showers, clothes washers, and wash-hand basins is termed as grey water whereas the waste water generated from toilets is called black water. Waste water produced from the kitchen sinks and dish-washers is also called black water due to their higher organic contents. The grey water is considered of lesser quality than potable water, but at the same time it is considered of higher quality than black water.

The Nature of Water Recommended for Recycling
The present society, through traditional practice, flushes toilets through potable high quality water i.e. the water which is being used for drinking purpose. Whereas, toilets can be flushed with waste water i.e. grey water generated from baths, showers, cloth washers and wash hand basins by recycling the same through a system. In this way, Government can save 33 % of total water supply or it can be termed as augmentation of water supply by 33 % without spending any money on additional infrastructure as this proposition is by making provision of this system in the Building Bye Laws which are enforceable through Town and Country Planning Department, Civic Bodies and Urban Development Authorities.

Mechanism of Waste Water Recycling
For the recycling of waste water / grey water, the house owner has to construct a separate waste water (grey Water) Tank below the ground level. All waste water of the house would get collected in this tank through waste water pipes. From this tank, waste water is again uplifted to a separate waste water tank placed on the terrace of a house which would supply water regularly for flushing the toilets constructed underneath of the said tank placed on the terrace. This mechanism evolved very minor changes of plumbing works. As per traditional technology, the waste water pipes are connected with the sewerage pipes at various levels. In the present case, instead of connecting waste water with the sewerage line of the house, such lines are connected with the tank constructed below ground level.

This system will not create any problem and financial burden on those persons who want to construct new houses. In old houses, some changes are required in plumbing works only. Since, there is no problem for enforcing this technology in new houses to be constructed on vacant plots; therefore, Govt. should enforce this technology by making amendments in the Building Bye Laws so that coming generation could be benefited from this system. This system will also lower down the required capacity of water supply and sewerage net works of the Government. ***

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by Vinay Chaubey
For more details on Augmentation of water utility in Urban Areas visit www.townplanning.in
Vinay Chaubey
SEO Manager
vinay.choubey@mobilex.in


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Can I Earn Enough Money From Advertising?

Do you notice that there are many advertisements in the internet? You can find them very common at the top and side. You can also find some at the bottom of the web page. They come in different forms, text links and banners. They are also relevant to the content of the web site. Why do we need them? They are a source of income for the websites providers.

"How can I earn enough money from advertising?" you may ask. You sell a portion of your site to advertisers who place links and banners. When visitors click on the advertisement links or banners, you will earn commissions. Usually you will be paid on pay-per-click basis. Advertising rate could be anything from $0.05 to $10 per click! This depends on the popularity of keywords and bidding cost. Imagine you have 100 visitors surfing your site in a day. Only 5% clicked on the advertisement links and banners, you will get $5 based on $1 per click. In a month, you will be $150. Remember, this is just 5% of 100 visitors. If you have 1,000 visitors per day, you can earn $1,500.

So how can I earn enough money from advertising? Here are three simple steps.

1. Create Site Rich In Content I cannot stress this enough. You have to provide useful information or free download to attract visitors to your site. This is a good way to build your traffic. You can start writing an article or a product review or something related to your passion. If you do not know how to write, you can either hire freelance to write according to your keywords or use other people's articles. Remember no traffic, no business. Definitely you do not want your space cost $0.05 per click. So build rich content and drive traffic to your site.

2. Register Google Adsense Program Google Adsense is good start with since it has a huge database for all categories. It will help you to earn enough money from it. Search for www.google.com/adsense and register as web publisher. Google Adsense will generate script code for you. Copy and paste it on your site. You can get most clicks at the top of your article and side bar.

3. Keep Updating Your Content You already have visitors to your site and you want them to keep coming. People do not like to see the same thing over and over again. You will notice low traffic and number of clicks. Simply do not earn enough money. Provide them new and fresh content. Most people failed to do this.

One last thing, sit back and watch your visitors click advertisement links and banners. You can earn enough money from advertisement. Do not worry about what type of advertisement displayed in your site. They are highly relevant to the content of your site. ***

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by Vincent
My name is Vincent. I work in manufacturing industry. I have been online for a while now and I am overwhelmed by all the options to make money online. Can I earn enough money from internet? Join me to find out more anwers. Can I earn enough money from Advertising to quit my regular job?

Read More...... [+/-]

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